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The visa policy of the Schengen Area is set by the European Union and applies to the Schengen Area and to other EU member states without opt-outs.〔(Schengen Visa ). (Liste des pays tiers dont les ressortissants sont exemptés de l'obligation de visa ). (General visa information for Czech Republic ). (Danish visa rules ). (Visiting Estonia ). (Visa requirement and travel documents accepted by Finland ). (Foreign nationals holding ordinary passports exempt from visa requirements ). (Visas for Greece ). (Consular Services – Hungary ). (Visas for Iceland ). (Visa for Italy ). (Consular information for Latvia ). (Consular information for Lithuania ). (VISAS & Immigration for Luxembourg ). (Travelling to Malta ). (Visa for the Netherlands ). (Visa for Norway ). (Visa for Poland ). (Visa Information for Portugal ). (Consular information and travel visa for Slovakia ). (Entry into the Republic of Slovenia and the Schengen Area ). (Information for Foreigners for Spain ). (Visiting Sweden ). (Information for Entry to Switzerland )〕 If someone other than a European Union, European Economic Area (EEA) or Swiss citizen wishes to enter the Schengen Area, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus or Romania they must have a visa or be a citizen of a visa-exempt country. The Schengen Area consists of 22 European Union member states and four non-members: Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland. Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus and Romania are not yet part of the Schengen Area, but nonetheless have a visa policy that is based on the Schengen ''acquis''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/home-affairs/what-we-do/policies/borders-and-visas/visa-policy/index_en.htm )〕 Ireland and the United Kingdom opt out of the EU's visa policy and instead operate their own separate visa policies, as do certain overseas territories of EEA member states. European Union citizens, European Economic Area nationals and Swiss citizens are not only visa-exempt but are legally entitled to enter and reside in each other's countries. Their right to freedom of movement in each other's countries can, however, be limited in a small number of situations. ==Freedom of movement== (詳細はcitizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States''〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States )〕〔Summary of the Directive 2004/38/EC (【引用サイトリンク】title=Right of Union citizens and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States )〕 defines the right of free movement for citizens of the European Economic Area (EEA), which includes the European Union (EU) and the three European Free Trade Association (EFTA) members Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein. Switzerland, which is a member of EFTA but not of the EEA, is not bound by the Directive but rather has a separate bilateral agreement on the free movement with the EU. Citizens of all EEA member states and Switzerland holding a valid passport or national identity card enjoy freedom of movement rights in each other's territory and can enter and reside in the each other's territory without a visa. If EU, EEA and Swiss nationals are unable to present a valid passport or national identity card at the border, they must nonetheless be afforded every reasonable opportunity to obtain the necessary documents or have them brought to them within a reasonable period of time or corroborate or prove by other means that he/she is covered by the right of free movement.〔Article 6.3.2 of the Practical Handbook for Border Guards ((C (2006) 5186 ))〕〔Judgement of the European Court of Justice of 17 February 2005, Case C 215/03, Salah Oulane vs. Minister voor Vreemdelingenzaken en Integratie (())〕 However, EU, EEA member states and Switzerland can refuse entry to an EU/EEA/Swiss national on public policy, public security or public health grounds where the person presents a "genuine, present and sufficiently serious threat affecting one of the fundamental interests of society".〔Article 27 of Directive 2004/38/EC ((Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States )).〕 If the person has obtained permanent residence in the country where he/she seeks entry (a status which is normally attained after 5 years of residence), the member state can only expel him/her on ''serious'' grounds of public policy or public security. Where the person has resided for 10 years or is a minor, the member state can only expel him/her on ''imperative'' grounds of public security (and, in the case of minors, if expulsion is necessary in the best interests of the child, as provided for in the Convention on the Rights of the Child).〔Article 28 of Directive 2004/38/EC ((Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States )).〕 Expulsion on public health grounds must relate to diseases with 'epidemic potential' which have occurred less than 3 months from the person's the date of arrival in the Member State where he/she seeks entry.〔Article 29 of Directive 2004/38/EC ((Directive 2004/38/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the right of citizens of the Union and their family members to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member States )).〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Visa policy of the Schengen Area」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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